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Which was revealed in Makkah The Reason for the Revelation of this Sūrah and its Virtues Imām Ahmad recorded from Ubayy bin Ka`b that the idolators said to the Prophet , ``O Muhammad! Tell us the lineage of your Lord.'' So Allāh revealed {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ * اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ * لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ * وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ } (Say: ``He is Allāh, One. Allāh He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is non comparable to Him.'') Similar was recorded by At-Tirmidhi and Ibn Jarīr and they added in their narration that he said, {الصَّمَدُ} ``(As-Samad) is One Who does not give birth, nor was He born, because there is nothing that is born except that it will die, and there is nothing that dies except that it leaves behind inheritance, and indeed Allāh does not die and He does not leave behind any inheritance. {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ } (And there is none comparable to Him.) This means that there is none similar to Him, none equal to Him and there is nothing at all like Him.'' Ibn Abi Hātim also recorded it and At-Tirmidhi mentioned it as a Mursal narration. A Hadīth on its Virtues Al-Bukhāri reported from `Amrah bint `Abdur-Rahmān, who used to stay in the apartment of `Ā'ishah, the wife of the Prophet , that `Ā'ishah said, ``The Prophet sent a man as the commander of a war expedition and he used to lead his companions in prayer with recitation (of the Qur'ān). And he would complete his recitation with the recitation of `Say: He is Allāh, One.' So when they returned they mentioned that to the Prophet and he said, «سَلُوهُ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ؟» (Ask him why does he do that.) So they asked him and he said, `Because it is the description of Ar-Rahmān and I love to recite it. So the Prophet said, «أَخْبِرُوهُ أَنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى يُحِبُّهُ» (Inform him that Allāh the Most High loves him.)'' This is how Al-Bukhāri recorded this Hadīth in his Book of Tawhīd. Muslim and An-Nasā'ī also recorded it. In his Book of Salāh, Al-Bukhāri recorded that Anas said, ``A man from the Ansār used to lead the people in prayer in the Masjid of Qubā'. Whenever he began a Sūrah in the recitation of the prayer that he was leading them, he would start by reciting `Say: He is Allāh, One' until he completed the entire Sūrah. Then he would recite another Sūrah along with it (after it). And used to do this in every Rak`ah. So his companions spoke to him about this saying; `Verily, you begin the prayer with this Sūrah. Then you think that it is not sufficient for you unless you recite another Sūrah as well. A Hadīth that mentions this Sūrah is equivalent to a Third of the Qur'ān Al-Bukhāri recorded from Abu Sa`īd that a man heard another man reciting {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } (Say: ``He is Allāh, One.'') and he was repeating over and over. So when morning came, the man went to the Prophet and mentioned that to him, and it was as though he was belittling it. The Prophet said, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ إِنَّهَا لَتَعْدِلُ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ» (By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily it is equivalent to a third of the Qur'ān.) Abu Dāwud and An-Nasā'ī also recorded it. Another Hadīth Al-Bukhāri recorded from Abu Sa`īd, may Allāh be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allāh said to his Companions, «أَيَعْجِزُ أَحَدُكُمْ أَنْ يَقْرَأَ ثُلُثَ الْقُرْآنِ فِي لَيْلَةٍ؟» (Is one of you not able to recite a third of the Qur'ān in a single night) This was something that was difficult for them and they said, ``Which of us is able to do that, O Messenger of Allāh'' So he replied, «اللهُ الْوَاحِدُ الصَّمَدُ ثُلُثُ الْقُرْآنِ» (``Allāh is the One, As-Samad'' is a third of the Qur'ān.) Al-Bukhāri was alone in recording this Hadīth. Another Hadīth that its Recitation necessitates Admission into Paradise Imām Mālik bin Anas recorded from `Ubayd bin Hunayn that he heard Abu Hurayrah saying, ``I went out with the Prophet and he heard a man reciting `Say: He is Allāh, the One.' So the Messenger of Allāh said, «وَجَبَتْ» (It is obligatory.) I asked, `What is obligatory' He replied, «الْجَنَّةُ» (Paradise.)'' At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasā'ī also recorded it by way of Mālik, and At-Tirmidhi said, ``Hasan Sahīh Gharīb. We do not know of it except as a narration of Mālik.'' The Hadīth in which the Prophet said, «حُبُّكَ إِيَّاهَا أَدْخَلَكَ الْجَنَّةَ» (Your love of it will cause you to enter Paradise.) has already been mentioned. A Hadīth about repeating this Sūrah `Abdullāh bin Imām Ahmad recorded from Mu`ādh bin `Abdullāh bin Khubayb, who reported that his father said, ``We became thirsty and it had become dark while we were waiting for the Messenger of Allāh to lead us in prayer. Then, when he came out he took me by my hand and said, «قُلْ» (Say.) Then he was silent. Then he said again, «قُلْ» (Say.) So I said, `What should I say' He said, «{قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } وَالْمُعَوِّذَتَيْنِ حِينَ تُمْسِي وَحِينَ تُصْبِحُ ثَلَاثًا، تَكْفِكَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ» (Say: ``He is Allāh, One,'' and the two Sūrahs of Refuge (Al-Falaq and An-Nās) when you enter upon the evening and the morning three times (each). They will be sufficient for you two times every day.)'' This Hadīth was also recorded by Abu Dāwud, At-Tirmidhi and An-Nasā'ī. At-Tirmidhi said, ``Hasan Sahīh Gharīb.'' An-Nasā'ī also recorded through another chain of narrators with the wording, «يَكْفِكَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ» (They will suffice you against everything.) Another Hadīth about supplicating with it by Allāh's Names In his Book of Tafsīr, An-Nasā'ī recorded from `Abdullāh bin Buraydah, who reported from his father that he entered the Masjid with the Messenger of Allāh , and there was a man praying and supplicating saying, ``O Allāh! Verily, I ask you by my testifying that there is no God worthy of worship except You. You are the One, the Self-Sufficient Sustainer of all, Who does not give birth, nor were You born, and there is none comparable to Him.'' The Prophet said, «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَقَدْ سَأَلَهُ بِاسْمِهِ الْأَعْظَم، الَّذِي إِذَا سُئِلَ بِهِ أَعْطَى، وَإِذَا دُعِيَ بِهِ أَجَابَ» (By He in Whose Hand is my soul, verily he has asked Him by His Greatest Name. It is His Name that if He is asked by it He will give, and if He is called upon by it He will answer.)'' The other Sunan compilers have also recorded this Hadīth. At-Tirmidhi said, ``Hasan Gharīb.'' A Hadīth about seeking a Cure by these Sūrahs Al-Bukhāri recorded from `Ā'ishah that whenever the Prophet would go to bed every night, he would put his palms together and blow into them. Then he would recite into them (his palms), `Say: He is Allāh, One', `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of Al-Falaq', and `Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind.' Then he would wipe whatever he was able to of his body with them (his palms). He would begin wiping his head and face with them and the front part of his body. He would do this (wiping his body) three times. The Sunan compilers also recorded The Sunan compilers also recorded this same Hadīth. {بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ } In the Name of Allāh, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ * اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ * لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ * وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ }
(1. Say: ``He is Allāh, One.'') {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ } (Say: Allāh is Above having Children and procreating Then Allāh says, {لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ * وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ } (He begets not, nor was He begotten. And there is none comparable to Him.) meaning, He does not have any child, parent or spouse. Mujāhid said, {وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَّهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ } (And there is none comparable to Him.) ``This means He does not have a spouse.'' This is as Allāh says, {بَدِيعُ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَمْ تَكُنْ لَّهُ صَـحِبَةٌ وَخَلَقَ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ} (He is the Originator of the heavens and the earth. How can He have children when He has no wife He created all things.) (6:101) meaning, He owns everything and He created everything. So how can He have a peer among His creatures who can be equal to Him, or a relative who can resemble Him Glorified, Exalted and far removed is Allāh from such a thing. Allāh says, {وَقَالُواْ اتَّخَذَ الرَّحْمَـنُ وَلَداً * لَقَدْ جِئْتُمْ شَيْئاً إِدّاً * تَكَادُ السَّمَـوَتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ مِنْهُ وَتَنشَقُّ الاٌّرْضُ وَتَخِرُّ الْجِبَالُ هَدّاً * أَن دَعَوْا لِلرَّحْمَـنِ وَلَداً * وَمَا يَنبَغِى لِلرَّحْمَـنِ أَن يَتَّخِذَ وَلَداً * إِن كُلُّ مَن فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ إِلاَّ آتِى الرَّحْمَـنِ عَبْداً * لَّقَدْ أَحْصَـهُمْ وَعَدَّهُمْ عَدّاً * وَكُلُّهُمْ ءَاتِيهِ يَوْمَ الْقِيَـمَةِ فَرْداً } (And they say: |